- Industry: Weather
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The American Meteorological Society promotes the development and dissemination of information and education on the atmospheric and related oceanic and hydrologic sciences and the advancement of their professional applications. Founded in 1919, AMS has a membership of more than 14,000 professionals, ...
(Symbol ''g''<sub>45,0</sub>. ) The acceleration of gravity at 45° latitude and mean sea level, equal to 9. 80616 m s<sup>−2</sup>.
Industry:Weather
A variable characterized by random behavior in assuming its different possible values. Mathematically, it is described by its probability distribution, which specifies the possible values of a random variable together with the probability associated (in an appropriate sense) with each value. A random variable is said to be continuous if its possible values extend over a continuum, discrete if its possible values are separated by finite intervals. See probability theory, statistical independence.
Industry:Weather
1. A wave that is stationary with respect to the medium in which it is embedded, for example, two equal gravity waves moving in opposite directions. The antinodes (points of maximum amplitude) oscillate while the nodes remain stationary. 2. In oceanography, wave motion in an enclosed or semienclosed sea, where the incident and reflected progressive waves combine to give a node of zero tidal amplitude. Maximum tidal amplitudes are found at the head of the basin where reflection occurs. No energy is transmitted in a standing wave, nor is there any progression of the wave pattern.
Industry:Weather
May be used for any region that would not be illuminated by a given source of electromagnetic (or acoustic) radiation if it propagated strictly according to ray optics in a homogeneous (on the scale of the wavelength) medium. Some radiation, however, does penetrate shadow zones because of scattering by the propagating medium or by obstacles within it. Because of the widespread misconception that diffraction is fundamentally different from scattering, the term diffraction zone is also used, especially by radio engineers, who might say that the earth diffracts radio waves into this zone (and probably would ignore scattering by the atmosphere). Yet all radiation that penetrates a shadow zone does so because of scattering by the atmosphere and by solid and liquid bodies (including the earth) within the atmosphere or at its boundary.
Industry:Weather
The amount of precipitation falling in one day, or other specified period, that is likely to be equaled or exceeded at a given place only once in a century, that is, a precipitation amount that has a return period of 100 years.
Industry:Weather
The basis for dimensional analysis. The theorem states that an equation for a physical system that can be written ''f''(''Q''<sub>1</sub>, ''Q''<sub>2</sub>,. . . , ''Q<sub>m</sub>'') = 0 can also be written as ''g''(''π''<sub>1</sub>, ''π''<sub>2</sub>,. . . , ''π<sub>m'' − ''n</sub>'') = 0 where ''Q<sub>i</sub>'' are ''m'' dimensional parameters, numbers, and variables; π''<sub>i</sub>'' are ''m'' − ''n'' nondimensional quantities; and ''n'' is the number of fundamental dimensional units.
Industry:Weather
(Symbol N. ) A colorless, tasteless, odorless gaseous element, atomic number 7, atomic weight 14. 007. It is the most abundant constituent of the atmosphere, amounting to 78. 09% by volume of dry air. The molecular formula for nitrogen gas is N<sub>2</sub>; its molecular weight is 28. 016. Nitrogen enters the atmosphere from volcanoes and from the decay of organic matter. It is removed from the atmosphere by certain natural nitrogen-fixing bacteria for use in plant life processes. Free nitrogen is very inactive, but can be broken down by high-energy reactions such as occur in lightning, high temperature combustion, or in the upper atmosphere. Nitrogen-containing compounds are very reactive and play integral roles in the production and destruction of ozone in the atmosphere. Atomic nitrogen, N, occurs in significant quantities only at altitudes above about 100 km.
Industry:Weather
Family of compounds in which nitrogen is bound to oxygen. The most abundant is nitrous oxide, formula N<sub>2</sub>O, which is relatively unreactive. Nitric oxide (NO) and nitrogen dioxide (NO<sub>2</sub>) are highly reactive, and are present in much lower amounts in the atmosphere. Together, NO and NO<sub>2</sub> are classed as odd nitrogen, or active nitrogen.
Industry:Weather
ชุดต่อเนื่องของกระบวนการธรรมชาติโดยไนโตรเจนที่ติด ๆ กันผ่านอากาศ ดิน และสิ่งมีชีวิตที่เกี่ยวข้องกับหลักการสลายให้อนุภาคสิ่งมีชีวิต ปฏิกิริยาการตรึงไนโตรเจน การอนาม็อกซ์ และ denitrification ดูแก้ไขไนโตรเจนพืช
Industry:Weather
The incorporation of gaseous molecular nitrogen, N<sub>2</sub>, into nitrogenous compounds. Abiotic fixation of N<sub>2</sub> occurs via lightning and photochemical conversion in the atmosphere. Biotic fixation of N<sub>2</sub> is done by specialized bacteria that construct the hemoglobin-like enzymes necessary to cleave the strong triple bond of molecular nitrogen.
Industry:Weather
