Anna Bolena is a tragedia lirica, or opera, in two acts by Gaetano Donizetti. Felice Romani wrote the Italian libretto after Ippolito Pindemonte's Enrico VIII ossia Anna Bolena and Alessandro Pepoli's Anna Bolena, both telling of the life of Anne Boleyn, the second wife of England's King Henry VIII.

It is one of a number of operas by Donizetti which deal with the Tudor period in English history, including (in composition order) Il castello di Kenilworth in 1829, which was then followed by Anna Bolena. Maria Stuarda (named for Mary, Queen of Scots) appeared in different forms in 1834 and 1835. Finally, in 1837, Roberto Devereux (named for a putative lover of Queen Elizabeth I of England) was presented. The leading female characters of the operas Anna Bolena, Maria Stuarda, and Roberto Devereux are often referred to as the "Three Donizetti Queens."

The duet "Sul suo capo aggravi un Dio" between Anna (soprano) and Jane Seymour (mezzo soprano) (and, historically, who later became Henry VIII's third wife) is considered one of the finest in the entire operatic repertoire.

It premiered on 26 December 1830 at the Teatro Carcano in Milan to "overwhelming success". Thus the composer had begun "to emerge as one of three most luminous names in the world of Italian opera", joining Bellini and Rossini.