Cuprates (from Latin cuprum meaning copper) are chemical compounds containing copper anion. Cuprates have been known for centuries and are widely used in inorganic and organic chemistry. However, interest in them has significantly increased since 1986 after the discovery of high-temperature superconductivity in a lanthanum barium copper oxide by Georg Bednorz and Karl Müller.[1] More than 100,000 scientific papers were published on superconductivity in cuprates between 1986 and 2001,[2] and Bednorz and Müller were awarded the Nobel Prize in Physics only a year after their discovery.[3] From 1986 to 2008, almost all known high temperature superconductors were cuprate superconductors and the highest confirmed, ambient-pressure, superconducting transition temperature (Tc) was 135 K achieved in a layered cuprate HgBa2Ca2Cu3Ox in 1993.[4] [5]